第一章儒家关于自然与人的思想Confucian Thought on Heaven and Humanity

Confucius(551-479 BC) was called Kongzi respectfully, his given name was Qiu and his alias Zhongni;He lived in the state of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period;He was a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism.Confucius was an ancient sage to Chinese people. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects.

●1.1智慧与信仰 Wisdom and Beliefs

中国文化的三个主要特点:
1、人与自然的和谐关系。（Harmonious relationship between human and nature）
2、人与人的和谐关系。（Harmonious human relationships.）
3、强调自省。（Self-reflection. ）

●1.2儒家思想 An Introduction of Confucius and Confucianism

孔子和儒家思想简介
An introduction to Confucius and Confucianism

●1.3孔子关于天的思想 Confucius on Heaven

孔子关于天的思想：天是自然之天。
Confucius on Heaven: the Source of Everything.

●1.4孔子关于人的思想：仁 Confucius on People: Ren

“仁”就是“爱人”，爱人要从爱父母开始，“仁”的核心就是“孝悌”。
“Ren” is “love people" and it is universal love "begin with the love for one's parents". The essence of“Ren” is "filial piety"and "fraternal duty."

●1.5孔子关于人的思想：礼 Confucius on People: li

礼是指社会生活中的礼仪、传统和行为规范。最重要的礼仪是埋葬的礼仪和敬祖的礼仪。“礼”建立的目的是维护社会秩序，稳定和和谐。
“Li”refers to rituals, traditions and norms in social life. Confucius regards burial rituals and ancestral worship rituals as the most important.

●1.6孔子关于人生活状态的思想 Confucius on the State of Life

孔子是中国历史上第一个开办私塾的人，他认为教育的根本目的是培养有德行的人，有德之人要有崇高的品格和高尚的情操，要能承担社会责任和为社会做贡献，但是生活的最高境界是人与自然的和谐，人与人的和谐。
Confucius on the State of Life: Confucius was the first figure in Chinese history to initiate private education. He believed the basic goal of education was to cultivate "persons of virtue", who should have sound character and uplifted minds. Such persons should be able to shoulder important social responsibilities and to make contributions to society.

第二章老子自然无为的哲学思想 Laozi’s Philosophy of Non-action

It was believed that Laozi’s name was Li Er or Lao Dan.He was a recluse who lived during the Spring and Autumn Period.Today Laozi’s philosophy still plays a role in the development of Chinese thinking.

●2.1老子和《道德经》简介 The Introduction of Laozi and Class of the Way and Virtue

老子和道德经简介A brief introduction to Laozi and the Way and Virtue.

●2.2自然 Naturalness

自然主义是老子哲学思想的一个重要概念。它指自然存在的一种状态，一种顺其自然的态度。Naturalness is an important concept of Laozi’s philosophy of Laozi’s philosophy. It refers to a natural state of being, an attitude of following the way of nature.

●2.3无为 Non-action

无为是老子哲学思想的另一个重要概念，它是自然主义的保证。 老子说无为而无不为，无为并不是意味着什么都不做，被动等待，也不是否定人类的创造力，而是顺应规律。Non-action is another important concept of Laozi’s philosophy. It is the guarantee of naturalness. Laozi said, “Act through non-action”, by which he did not mean that one should do nothing and passively wait for something to be achieved. Neither did he deny human creativity.

●2.4不争的哲学 The philosophy of Non-contention

老子提倡无争的思想，老子用水来解释无争的思想：上善若水。老子无争的哲学绝不是软弱，相反，它充满力量。天下莫柔弱于，谁而攻坚强者，莫之能先。水是以弱胜强最好的例子， 示弱不仅是通往繁荣之路，也是拯救生命之路。示弱是避免冲突的最佳方式。
The greatest virtue is like water. But the philosophy of Laozi is by no means weak. On the contrary, it is full of strength. Water accumulates great strength in its weakness and quietude. Its strength can break down all barriers in the world. Remaining weak is not only the way to prosperity, but also the way to preserving life. The way of the weak is the best way to avoid conflict.

The greatest virtue is like water.  But the philosophy of Laozi is by no means weak. On the contrary, it is full of strength.Water accumulates great strength in its weakness and quietude. Its strength can break down all barriers in the world. Remaining weak is not only the way to prosperity, but also the way to preserving life. The way of the weak is the best way to avoid conflict.

●2.5返璞归真 Returning to a Newborn State

圣人，最有德行的人，都像新生儿一样。一个人修养的最高境界是回归新生儿的状态。新生儿的状态是没有知识、欲望、不纯洁或谎言。老子所指的返璞归真状态是完全的无知。
People with the highest virtue--- all resembled newborns. The highest level of one’s cultivation was to return to the state of a newborn baby. The state of the newborn is free of any knowledge, desire, impurity or falsehood. Laozi’s state of the newborn refers to “complete innocence”.
ate of the newborn is free of any knowledge, desire, impurity or  falsehood.  Laozi’s state of the newborn refers to “ complete innocence”. 

第三章孙子兵法：兵书之源 Sunzi’s Art of War: The Source for All Books on War

Sunzi’s Art of War was written by Sunwu.He was born sometimes between 550 and 540 BC, or toward the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. People called him Sunzi respectfully and his alias Changqing.He was born in the State of Qi but later he moved to the State of Wu, where he became the king’s trusted strategist.

●3.1孙子和《孙子兵法》简介Introduction of Sunzi and Sunzi's Art of War

《孙子兵法》是兵书中的经典，它享有“兵书之源”的美誉，因为它在战略设计、哲学根基和战术应用方面都优于其他的兵书。Sunzi's Art of War is the greatest classic on war and it has been respected as "the source for all books on war."It excels over the other books in terms of strategy design, philosophical grounding and in tactical application.

●3.2孙子的战略思想The Strategic Thoughts of Sunzi

孙子兵法战略思想之例一：先计而后战。
“ Planning before going to war.”
孙子兵法战略思想之例二：知己知彼，百战不殆。
Sunzi said, “One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oenself and the enemy. ”
孙子兵法战略思想之例三：兵以诈立。
“ The army survives by treachery”.
孙子兵法战略思想之例四：不战而屈人之兵。
“ Winning a war without fighting it.”

●3.3《孙子兵法》的辩证思维 The Dialectical Thinking of Sunzi

兵无常势，水无常形，能因敌变化而取胜者，谓之神。
There is no fixed way of using force, just as there is no fixed form to water. He who can win a victory by adapting to changes in enemy forces is a master of the art of war.

●3.4孙子对慎战的思想和超越军事的智慧 Sunzi’s Cautions against War and Wisdom beyond the Military

兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道。
The use of force is a matter of life or death for the soldiers, the people and the country.

第四章长城 The Great Wall

About the Great Wall, there are some numbers we should get to know.Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these walls were later joined together and made bigger and stronger. Andthey are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall. So the Great Wall had been built and rebuilt through more than 2000 years from the seventh century BC to the 16th century AD, 19 dynasties built parts of the Great Wall, adding up to over 100,000 kilometers.

●4.1长城 The Great Wall

长城简介及修建“长城”的原因
The Introduction to the Great Wall

●4.2长城修建的背景 The Reasons of Building the Great Wall

The reason of building the Great Wall

●4.3长城修建的意义 The Significance of Building the Great Wall

“长城”意义中的“分离”与“融合”Separation and Integration

●4.4长城的精神 The Spirit of the Great Wall

战争时期“长城”的鼓舞精神The Great Wall inspired Chinese People
“长城”的建筑特点The Great Wall is one of wonders in the world

第五章兵马俑 A silent Army

Hello, the Terracotta Army of the First Emperor of Qin was discovered near Xianyang, Shanxi Province in the Spring of 1974.Altogether, four pits housing thousands of terracotta warriors have been unearthed, numbered according to the time sequence of their discovery.

●5.1兵马俑的发现 Discovery of the Terracotta Army

1974年春天，当陕西省咸阳附近的村民挖井时，发现了不同寻常的陶器碎片。Discovery of the Terracotta Army: In the Spring of 1974, when villagers were digging a well near Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, they came across unusual pottery fragments.

●5.2四个坑的介绍The introduction of Pit No.1, No.2, No.3 and No.4

The Introduction of Pit No.1, Pit No.2, Pit No.3 and Pit No. 4

●5.3生动的雕塑 Vivid Sculpture

兵马俑一经发现，便引起轰动，不仅因为军队的惊人规模，而且因为雕塑的精湛技艺。The terracotta warriors and horses caused a sensation upon their discovery, not only because of the impressive size of the army, but also due to the masterful craftsmanship of the sculptures.

第六章京剧 Peking Opera

Beijing opera is a more recent equivalent. In China, the art form has been known by many other names in different times and places. From the earliest Pi Huang to Jingju or Jingxi, this reflects its start in the capital city, Jing and the form of the performance, Xi. It is known that the name of Peking opera is related to the birthplace of it. Beijing Opera is a principal tradition in Chinese culture.

●6.1京剧的起源 The Origin of Peking Opera

京剧起源北京融合其他曲艺特点
Peking Opera originates from Beijing integrating other features

●6.2京剧脸谱的魅力 The Delights of Peking Opera Masks

“净角”、“丑角”的脸谱分类 Two roles of the "jing" and "chou"

●6.3京剧的艺术表现形式 Peking Opera Performance

四种形式“唱”“念”“做”“打”Sing,Speak,Act and Fight

●6.4虚拟世界之美 The Beauty of “Virtual World”

虚拟的动作和虚拟的场景 Virtual movements and virtual settings

●6.5著名京剧选段 Famous Peking Opera Appreciation

对京剧的欣赏即对演员表演的欣赏Seeing "a play" is watching the "performance"

●6.6著名京剧大师-梅兰芳 Great Peking Opera Artist-Mei Lanfang

赏析著名京剧选段Appreciating famous Peking opera sections

第七章民间艺术 A Variety of Splendid Folk Arts

It is common knowledge that China has a long history and glorious history in both arts and traditional crafts. These are just two of the many jewels in China's over five thousand-year culture. The arts and crafts are not only the embodiment of the people's longing for aesthetic beauty for themselves and as gifts for others, but also great treasures for China and the rest of the world. Many of the master artisans [ˌɑ:t zæn] have had their skills handed down via one generation to the next so that only the offspring of such an artisan could learn the necessary skills required. The result being that they are the most valuable treasures both for a family and for the nation.

●7.1景泰蓝 Cloisonné

景泰蓝是集美术雕刻镶嵌为一体的手工艺品
Cloisonne is the artifacts which combines carving and decoration

●7.2年画 New Year Pictures

年画是表达节日去喜庆气氛的最好形式
New Year Pictures are the best type to enhance the festive atmosphere

●7.3刺绣 Embroidery

刺绣作品是指尖艺术的呈现
Embroidery is the presentation of finger skills

●7.4剪纸 Papercuts

剪纸是普通的纸和剪刀创造的美妙手工艺术
Papercuts are crafts with ordinary paper and scissors

●7.5皮影 Shadow Play

皮影是光与影结合的艺术 Shadow Play is the art of light and shadow

第八章丝绸之路 The Silk Road

The Silk Road was noted down by the German geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen in the book of "Chinese geology" at the end of nineteenth Century. It refers to the route between China and Central Asia and between China and India, as the medium of trade from 114 BC to 127. This term was soon accepted in academic circles and by the public formally.

●8.1丝绸之路的起源 The Origin of the Silk Road

丝绸之路是一条商贸路线 The Silk Road is a commercial route

●8.2古代丝绸之路的开拓者-张骞 The Trail Blazer of Ancient Silk Road - Zhang Qian

张骞开拓了中国的古代丝绸之路 Zhang Qian blazed the ancient Silk Road

●8.3古代丝绸之路的意义 The Significance of Ancient Silk Road

丝绸之路在政治、经济、文化方面的意义The political, economical and cultural significance of Silk Road

●8.4现代“一带一路”的战略构想 The Strategy of "One Belt and One Road" in Modern Times

“一带一路”即丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路"
One Belt One Road" refers to Silk Road economic belt and 21st century maritime Silk Road

●8.5“一带一路”战略的意义 The Significance of the Strategy of One Belt and One Road

“一带一路”在政治、经济、文化方面的意义
The political, economical and cultural significance